Git系列小结

# 14.Git系列小结

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Git是一个非常常用的工具，学习它是很有必要的，我们花了大量的篇幅来讲解和实践，现在有必要小结一下了。

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# 稍微聊聊commit

git commit 是很小的一件事情，但是往往小的事情往往引不起大家的关注，如果你查看 commit log，都只有简单的几个词的描述的话，是完全不知道这些 commit 是要做啥的，推荐阅读：Git 最佳实践：commit msg (opens new window)

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我们可以在Git的提交信息里带一些emoji表情的话，使得可读性变得更高，例如：

🎨 :art: 改进代码结构/代码格式

⚡️ :zap: 提升性能

🔥 :fire: 移除代码或文件

🐛 :bug: 修复bug

⏪ :rewind: 回退修改

🔀 :twisted_rightwards_arrows: 合并分支

更多emoji，请参考：gitmoji | An emoji guide for your commit messages (opens new window)，推荐另存为一个文件到本地。

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怎么用呢？直接在commit 的信息里输入即可：

$ git commit -m ":art: 测试emoji"
[master 8a941c2] :art: 测试emoji
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

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效果：

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# 练习PR

如果你想练习pull request，那就Fork一下我的仓库，在5-Attainment文件夹下创建一个your-github-id.txt的文本文件，写点自己学习Git的心得，然后推送一个pull request给我，我会视心情而定是否接受。

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# Git help

我们可以使用 git help 来查看帮助，该命令会列举出常用的命令和介绍：

> git help
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | -P | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           [--super-prefix=<path>] [--config-env=<name>=<envvar>]
           <command> [<args>]

These are common Git commands used in various situations:

start a working area (see also: git help tutorial)
   clone             Clone a repository into a new directory
   init              Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one

work on the current change (see also: git help everyday)
   add               Add file contents to the index
   mv                Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   restore           Restore working tree files
   rm                Remove files from the working tree and from the index
   sparse-checkout   Initialize and modify the sparse-checkout

examine the history and state (see also: git help revisions)
   bisect            Use binary search to find the commit that introduced a bug
   diff              Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   grep              Print lines matching a pattern
   log               Show commit logs
   show              Show various types of objects
   status            Show the working tree status

grow, mark and tweak your common history
   branch            List, create, or delete branches
   commit            Record changes to the repository
   merge             Join two or more development histories together
   rebase            Reapply commits on top of another base tip
   reset             Reset current HEAD to the specified state
   switch            Switch branches
   tag               Create, list, delete or verify a tag object signed with GPG

collaborate (see also: git help workflows)
   fetch             Download objects and refs from another repository
   pull              Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push              Update remote refs along with associated objects

'git help -a' and 'git help -g' list available subcommands and some
concept guides. See 'git help <command>' or 'git help <concept>'
to read about a specific subcommand or concept.
See 'git help git' for an overview of the system.